Why Is Money Made of Cotton and Not Paper?
Explore the true composition of US currency, revealing why its unique material ensures durability, distinct feel, and enhanced security.
Many believe United States currency is made of paper, like everyday sheets. However, this is inaccurate. The materials used in U.S. currency are a deliberate choice for durability and security, designed to withstand extensive circulation and deter counterfeiting.
The Actual Composition of US Currency
United States currency is not made from traditional wood-pulp paper. Instead, it consists of a unique blend of natural fibers: 75% cotton and 25% linen. This blend gives U.S. currency a distinct feel and texture, noticeably different from ordinary paper.
Tiny red and blue synthetic fibers are integrated within this blend. These fibers are randomly distributed throughout the material during manufacturing. They contribute to the unique characteristics of genuine currency.
Why Cotton and Linen?
The selection of cotton and linen for U.S. currency is based on their superior properties compared to wood-pulp paper. Cotton fibers are strong and durable, while linen contributes to the material’s resilience and fine texture. This combination creates a material that can endure significant wear and tear from constant handling and circulation.
Currency made from this blend exhibits high resistance to tearing, creasing, and degradation. Bills can withstand approximately 4,000 double folds. The average lifespan of a dollar bill in circulation is around 6.6 years. The unique tactile quality and crispness of the cotton-linen material make it difficult to replicate using common paper production methods.
Material’s Role in Security
The cotton-linen material plays a significant role in safeguarding U.S. currency against counterfeiting. Its distinctive texture and feel are challenging for counterfeiters to duplicate using readily available paper. This unique tactile sensation allows individuals who frequently handle cash, such as bank tellers, to identify genuine currency by touch.
The embedded red and blue fibers are an inherent security feature. These fibers are integrated directly into the material during production, making them an integral part of the note’s structure, rather than being printed on the surface. Counterfeiters may attempt to draw these fibers onto fake bills, but close inspection often reveals crude lines instead of truly embedded elements. The strength and absorbency of the cotton-linen blend also enable the incorporation of other advanced security features, such as watermarks, security threads, and color-shifting inks, ensuring these elements remain effective throughout circulation.