What Is a TFN and How Do I Get One in Australia?

A Tax File Number (TFN) is a unique nine-digit number issued by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) that serves as a personal reference for tax and superannuation purposes. It is fundamental for individuals and entities engaging with the Australian tax system, managing financial obligations, and accessing government services.

Understanding Your Tax File Number

The TFN is a crucial identifier for various financial activities within Australia. It is used for lodging tax returns, receiving government benefits, opening bank accounts, and managing superannuation, Australia’s retirement savings system. Without a TFN, individuals may face higher tax rates on their income, with employers potentially withholding tax at the highest marginal rate (currently around 47%). It can also prevent access to government benefits, such as those provided by Centrelink.

Many individuals and entities need a TFN, including Australian residents, foreign residents working in Australia, and businesses. Australian residents encompass citizens and permanent residents, while foreign residents include working holiday makers, international students, and temporary residents.

Applying for a Tax File Number

The application process for a TFN varies based on an individual’s residency status. Australian citizens aged 15 or older with an Australian passport can apply online through myGovID and the ATO website. Other Australian residents can apply at Australia Post offices after completing an online form, at Services Australia centers using a paper form, or by mail. When applying through Australia Post, applicants must present original identity documents (e.g., a passport, birth certificate, or driver’s license) at an interview within 30 days of completing the online form.

Foreign residents, including permanent migrants and temporary visitors with work rights located in Australia, can apply online using the Individual Auto Registration (IAR) system, which requires a valid foreign passport and visa linked to it. Those outside Australia or temporary visitors without work rights may need to complete a paper application form and mail it with certified copies of identity documents. Required documentation includes primary identification (e.g., a passport or birth certificate) and secondary identification (e.g., a Medicare card or bank statement). After a complete application is submitted, the TFN is mailed to the provided Australian address within 28 days.

Utilizing and Safeguarding Your Tax File Number

Once obtained, your TFN will be required in various situations. You will typically provide it to your employer when starting a new job, to banks or financial institutions when opening accounts, and to government agencies like Centrelink for benefits. Higher education providers also require your TFN for accessing loans, such as HECS-HELP.

Protecting your TFN is important to prevent identity theft and fraud. It is advisable to keep your TFN information secure and avoid carrying it in a wallet or sharing it unnecessarily. You should only disclose your TFN to authorized entities, such as the ATO, your employer, banks, and superannuation funds. Never provide your TFN in response to unsolicited emails, phone calls, or texts, as the ATO will not request sensitive details this way. If you suspect your TFN has been compromised, such as receiving unexpected tax bills or noticing unusual activity on your accounts, immediately contact the ATO’s Client Identity Support Centre at 1800 467 033. The ATO will then monitor your tax records for suspicious activity and may implement security measures on your account.