What Does Madagascar Import? Key Goods & Trade Partners

Madagascar’s economy relies on international trade, with imports playing a substantial role in supporting its population and developing industries. In 2023, the nation’s total imports were valued at $5.07 billion, contributing to a trade deficit of about $1.53 billion. This dependence stems from limited domestic production and the need for specialized goods and raw materials. Imports directly reflect the country’s economic structure and consumer needs.

Essential Consumer Goods and Food Imports

Madagascar imports essential consumer goods and food products, directly impacting daily life. Staple foods like rice and wheat are among the top imported commodities, with rice imports reaching $223 million and wheat $119 million in 2023. The country has transitioned to a net importer, relying on foreign sources to meet food demand. This arises from challenges in domestic agricultural output and insufficient local processing capabilities.

Madagascar also imports palm oil and various textiles. Palm oil imports amounted to $118 million in 2023, while light rubberized knitted fabric imports reached $139 million. Other imported consumer goods include basic manufactured items, household articles, and pharmaceutical products, totaling $172.64 million in 2023. These imports bridge gaps in local manufacturing capacity, ensuring diverse goods for the population.

Industrial and Capital Goods Imports

Industrial and capital goods are key imports for Madagascar’s economic growth and infrastructure development. Machinery, including nuclear reactors and boilers, accounted for $398.13 million in 2023, while electrical and electronic equipment imports reached $271.39 million. These categories highlight the country’s need for advanced equipment to support its manufacturing and technological sectors. Such imports enhance productivity and modernize various industries.

Transportation equipment, such as vehicles, was valued at $229.15 million in 2023. This includes vehicles and components for logistics, public transport, and commercial operations across the island. Infrastructure projects further drive demand for specialized machinery and construction materials. For instance, imports of salt, sulfur, earth, stone, plaster, lime, and cement collectively amounted to $156.61 million in 2023, with approximately 800,000 tonnes of cement imported that year.

Raw materials for manufacturing, including plastics and articles of iron or steel, are also imported to support local industries. Plastics imports were $143.53 million, and iron or steel articles reached $141.09 million in 2023. These materials are processed by domestic industries to produce finished goods, contributing to job creation and economic activity. These imports underscore Madagascar’s efforts to build and expand its productive capacities.

Energy and Fuel Imports

Madagascar relies on imported energy and fuel to power its transportation, electricity generation, and industrial sectors. Refined petroleum is the most imported product, totaling $887 million in 2023. Mineral fuels, oils, and distillation products collectively accounted for $995.40 million in the same year. This reflects the nation’s dependence on external sources for energy.

Imported fuels support daily life and economic operations, facilitating the movement of goods and people across the island. They are also important for electricity production, as more than half of Madagascar’s electricity is derived from imported fuel. Petroleum gas imports, while smaller at $16.1 million in 2023, also contribute to the country’s energy mix. Given limited domestic crude oil production, Madagascar remains a net oil importer, making these imports necessary for its economy.

Key Import Partners

Madagascar sources imports from several countries, with key partners dominating its trade relationships. In 2023, China was the largest origin for imports, accounting for $983 million. China supplies a broad spectrum of products, including electronics, machinery, and consumer goods. Oman followed as a significant partner, primarily supplying refined petroleum, with imports valued at $647 million.

France, a historical trading partner, contributed $515 million in imports to Madagascar in 2023, providing a variety of products. India was another major source, with imports reaching $420 million, including refined petroleum and various other commodities. South Africa and the United Arab Emirates are also among Madagascar’s top import partners, supplying goods such as refined petroleum and other essential products. These partnerships help Madagascar acquire goods necessary for its economy and population.