How to Get Copies of Your Federal Tax Returns

Taxpayers often need copies of past federal tax returns or tax information. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) provides multiple avenues to retrieve these records, and alternative sources also offer options. This guide details the types of tax documents available and how to acquire them.

Understanding Different Types of Tax Return Copies

The IRS offers various tax transcripts and full copies of tax returns.

Tax Return Transcript

A Tax Return Transcript displays most line items from the original Form 1040-series tax return as filed, including accompanying forms and schedules. It does not reflect changes made after original filing. Available for the current and three prior tax years.

Tax Account Transcript

A Tax Account Transcript provides basic data like filing status, Adjusted Gross Income (AGI), taxable income, and payment types. It also shows changes or adjustments made by the taxpayer or IRS after original filing. Generally available for the current and nine prior tax years through the IRS online account, or the current and three prior tax years if requested by mail or phone.

Record of Account Transcript

The Record of Account Transcript combines information from both the tax return and tax account transcripts, offering a comprehensive overview of the original return and any subsequent changes. Available for the current and three prior tax years.

Wage and Income Transcript

The Wage and Income Transcript provides data from information returns received by the IRS, such as Forms W-2, 1099s, and 1098s. Available for the past ten tax years, though current year information may not be complete until July.

Full Copy of Tax Return

A Full Copy of Tax Return is an exact replica of the tax return and all attached forms and schedules as originally filed. This option is generally needed less frequently than transcripts and comes with a fee.

Information Required for Your Request

Before requesting tax return copies or transcripts, certain personal and tax information must be available. This includes the full name and Social Security Number (SSN) or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) for the primary taxpayer and, if applicable, for a spouse on a joint return. The date of birth for the requesting individual is also necessary. Provide the current mailing address, as well as the address used on the tax return for the specific year(s) requested, if different. The tax year(s) for which documents are needed must be clearly identified.

When requesting copies or transcripts by mail or fax, specific IRS forms are used. Form 4506, Request for Copy of Tax Return, is used for exact copies. Form 4506-T, Request for Transcript of Tax Return, is used for transcripts.

Requesting Copies Directly from the IRS

Tax return copies and transcripts can be obtained directly from the IRS. The most immediate way to obtain transcripts is through the IRS Get Transcript Online tool, accessible via the IRS website. This online service requires users to create an account and verify identity through a process often involving a third-party provider like ID.me. Verification typically requires uploading government documents, such as a driver’s license, and may involve a video selfie. Once verified, users can view, print, or download transcripts immediately.

Transcripts can also be requested by mail or fax using Form 4506-T. When submitting Form 4506-T by mail, send it to the IRS address corresponding to the state where the taxpayer resided when the return was filed. For fax submissions, specific fax numbers are provided by the IRS, also determined by the state of residence at the time of filing. Mailed or faxed requests for transcripts typically take 5 to 10 business days for processing after the IRS receives the request.

For a full copy of a tax return, Form 4506, Request for Copy of Tax Return, must be completed and mailed to the appropriate IRS address. There is a $43 fee for each full copy requested. Processing time often takes up to 75 days. It is advisable to wait a few weeks after filing a tax return before requesting a transcript, especially for mailed returns, to allow sufficient processing time by the IRS.

Obtaining Copies from Other Sources

Beyond direct IRS requests, taxpayers have other avenues for obtaining tax return copies. Many individuals rely on tax preparers or accountants to file their annual returns. These professionals typically retain copies of client returns for a specified period, often mirroring IRS record retention guidelines.

The IRS generally advises taxpayers and preparers to keep records for at least three years, aligning with the standard statute of limitations for assessments. This period can extend to six years for substantial underreporting of income, or indefinitely for unfiled or fraudulent returns. Clients can contact their tax preparer to request copies of previously filed returns; many preparers store these digitally for easy retrieval.

Another option for taxpayers using tax software providers is to access returns directly through online accounts. Major tax software platforms, such as TurboTax or H&R Block, often allow users to log in and download digital copies of filed returns from prior years. This self-service method provides immediate access to tax documents, often at no additional cost if the user paid for the preparation service, though some providers may charge a small fee for access to past returns if the free version was used. The process typically involves logging into the account with the same credentials used for filing and navigating to a section dedicated to past tax years.