How Long Does It Take to Get an EIN?

An Employer Identification Number (EIN) is a unique nine-digit tax identification number assigned by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to businesses and other entities. It functions as a federal tax ID, similar to a Social Security Number for an individual. Businesses primarily use an EIN for various tax activities, including filing federal tax returns, reporting wages, and ensuring tax compliance. It is a fundamental identifier that helps the IRS track business tax obligations.

EIN Application Methods and Associated Timelines

The speed at which a business receives an EIN depends on the application method chosen. The online application through the IRS website is the fastest option, providing an EIN immediately upon completion during operational hours. The online system is typically available Monday through Friday, 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Eastern Time. This method allows businesses to obtain their federal tax ID within minutes.

Alternatively, applying by fax using Form SS-4 can yield an EIN within approximately four business days if a return fax number is provided. Without a return fax number, the process may take about one to two weeks. The IRS fax service is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

Submitting Form SS-4 by mail is the slowest method, with processing times typically ranging from four to six weeks. For international applicants who do not have a legal residence or principal place of business in the U.S., an EIN can be obtained by telephone. This method also results in an immediate EIN once the application details are confirmed during the call.

Information Needed Before Applying

Before applying for an EIN, gather specific information. A “responsible party” must be identified: the individual who controls, directs, or manages the entity and its funds. This person’s full legal name and their Social Security Number (SSN) or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) are required.

Applicants also need to provide the business’s full legal name and any trade name or “doing business as” (DBA) name, if applicable. The complete mailing address and the physical location of the business, if different, are mandatory. Identifying the correct type of entity, such as a sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, Limited Liability Company (LLC), estate, or trust, is crucial.

The application also asks for the primary reason for applying for the EIN, such as starting a new business, hiring employees, changing the type of organization, or purchasing an existing business. The business’s start date or acquisition date, along with the number of expected employees, if applicable, should be ready. Accurate and complete information helps prevent delays.

After Submitting Your EIN Application

After submitting an EIN application, the confirmation process varies by method. Online applicants receive their EIN immediately, with the option to print or save a confirmation letter (CP 575) directly from the IRS website. For applications submitted via fax or mail, the official EIN confirmation is sent through postal mail, which can take several weeks to arrive.

Once the EIN is received, businesses can immediately begin using it for various operational and compliance activities. This includes opening a business bank account, which is often a prerequisite for separating personal and business finances. The EIN is also necessary for applying for business licenses and permits, hiring employees, and fulfilling federal and state tax obligations.

If there is an unexpected delay in receiving an EIN, particularly for fax or mail applications, or if the number is misplaced after issuance, take these steps. Check previous tax returns, IRS notices, or contact your bank or licensing agencies, as these entities often have the EIN on file. If the EIN still cannot be located, the IRS Business & Specialty Tax Line can be contacted for assistance.