Can You E-File State Taxes Only?

Filing taxes electronically has become the preferred method for many due to its speed and convenience. While most taxpayers file their federal and state returns together, some may need to e-file only their state return due to filing a federal return separately or not being required to file one.

State Return Eligibility Criteria

Not all states allow standalone state e-filing. Many require a federal return first to verify income, deductions, and credits. However, some states, such as California, permit state-only e-filing if the federal return has already been submitted separately or is not required.

States like Texas, Florida, and Washington do not impose an individual income tax, eliminating the need for a state return. Others, including New York and Illinois, allow state-only e-filing but may impose restrictions based on income, residency, or filing method. Additionally, some tax software providers do not support standalone state filings, even if the state allows them.

Residency status can also affect eligibility. Part-year and nonresident filers may need to file a federal return first to establish taxable income within a state. For instance, someone who moved from Georgia to North Carolina mid-year may need to allocate income between the two states, requiring a federal return for proper documentation.

Required Documentation

Having the necessary documents ensures accuracy and prevents delays. The most essential is the W-2 form, which reports wages and tax withholdings. Self-employed individuals or those with additional income sources, such as rental payments or dividends, need 1099 forms, including 1099-NEC for independent contractor earnings and 1099-DIV for investment distributions.

Taxpayers should also gather records for state-specific deductions and credits. Many states offer deductions for contributions to a 529 college savings plan, while others provide credits for expenses like childcare or energy-efficient home improvements. For example, New York’s Empire State Child Credit requires proof of qualifying dependents, and Illinois offers a property tax credit for homeowners who can document their paid real estate taxes. Keeping receipts, bank statements, and official tax forms related to these benefits is necessary to claim them.

Some states require a state tax identification number, particularly for business owners or those paying estimated taxes. These numbers, separate from Social Security numbers, must be included to process returns. Prior-year state tax returns can also be useful when claiming carryover deductions or credits.

Filing Method for State-Only E-Filing

Not all tax software supports standalone state e-filing, so selecting a platform that does is necessary. While the IRS Free File program offers free federal tax filing, some providers do not accommodate state-only returns. Commercial tax software like TurboTax, H&R Block, and TaxAct may allow it, but availability depends on the state and software version. Some platforms charge extra for filing a state return separately, so checking pricing beforehand is important.

Taxpayers should confirm whether their state tax agency accepts direct electronic submissions. Most states have integrated e-filing systems, but some require returns to be submitted through approved third-party vendors. For example, Maryland mandates using its iFile system or an authorized provider, while Massachusetts allows direct submission through MassTaxConnect.

Before submitting, taxpayers should review signature verification requirements. Many states use a self-selected personal identification number (PIN), while others require the prior year’s adjusted gross income (AGI) for authentication. Some states, such as Ohio, issue a unique state e-file PIN that must be retrieved before completing the process. Ensuring these credentials are correct prevents submission issues.

Payment or Refund Handling

Once a state tax return is filed electronically, any payment due or refund expected must be handled according to state-specific processes. Taxpayers who owe state taxes can usually pay electronically via direct debit, credit or debit card, or state-specific online payment portals. Some states, such as California, allow Electronic Funds Withdrawal (EFW) during e-filing, letting taxpayers schedule automatic deductions. Others, like Pennsylvania, accept payments through third-party processors but may charge convenience fees.

Refund processing times vary. States like New York typically issue refunds within two weeks for e-filed returns with direct deposit, while others may take four to six weeks, especially during peak filing season. Refunds are usually issued via direct deposit or paper check, with some states offering prepaid debit card options. Certain states, including Illinois, require additional identity verification before releasing refunds, which may involve answering security questions or submitting identification documents.

Verifying Submission Status

After e-filing a state tax return, confirming receipt and processing status helps avoid penalties or delays. Most state tax agencies provide online tracking tools where taxpayers can check their submission status using their Social Security number and refund amount. These portals typically update within 24 to 48 hours after filing, showing whether a return has been accepted, rejected, or is under review.

If a return is rejected, the state agency or tax software provider usually provides an error code explaining the issue. Common reasons include mismatched personal information, incorrect prior-year AGI, or missing required forms. Taxpayers must correct errors and resubmit promptly. If additional verification is required, some states may request supporting documents, such as a driver’s license or proof of residency, before processing the return further.